Sunday, November 28, 2010

Healing: get needs met. Maslow.

An article on Maslow's hierarchy, The Causes of Aggression - Unfulfilled Human Needs and Desires:
http://www.isil.org/resources/lit/causes-aggression.html

Quote (bolds mine):
Neurosis consists of irrational thoughts and acts that cause significant harm to one's self or others. But what causes neurosis?

The humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow gave a great answer. He argued that the standard for proper human behavior should not be some statistical average of how people actually behave, but rather how the best, happiest, most productive, most creative, and most fulfilled human beings act – people such as Thomas Jefferson and Albert Einstein. In other words, Maslow argues that the standard for mental health should be human beings at their best. Maslow called these exemplary people "self-actualizers" or "the growing tip" of the human race.

Comparing self-actualizers to less-fulfilled, less-creative, and less-happy people, Maslow found that most neurosis is caused by the frustration of basic human needs.

A basic, as opposed to a derived need, is an innate and fundamental biological or psychological requirement for human well-being. In "Toward a Psychology of Being" (1962), Maslow listed five basic criteria which established a hierarchy of needs:

1. Its absence breeds illness.

2. Its presence prevents illness.

3. Its restoration cures illness.

4. Under certain, free-choice situations, it is preferred by the deprived person over other satisfactions.

5. It is found to be inactive, at a low ebb, or functionally absent in the "healthy person" because it is a fulfilled need and thus no longer a strong motivating force.

Maslow held there were seven basic levels of human needs:

1. Physiological needs such as air, food, sleep, shelter, and sex;

2. Safety needs, including security, order and stability;

3. Belongingness and love;

4. Esteem needs, the need for a stable, firmly-based, high level of self-respect;

5. Self-actualization, the desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming;

6. The desire to know and understand;

7. Aesthetic needs, the need for beauty in one's life.

Aggression, Maslow maintained, is principally a result of the frustration of basic needs. In other words, aggression is not an essential part of human nature, but rather a reaction to circumstances in which essential requirements of our nature are unfulfilled.

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